{"id":595,"date":"2025-12-03T02:29:41","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T18:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/?p=595"},"modified":"2025-12-03T02:32:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T18:32:19","slug":"gnss%e7%ad%86%e8%a8%98%e5%be%9e%e8%a1%9b%e6%98%9f%e5%88%b0%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84%e6%89%8b%e6%a9%9f%ef%bc%8c%e5%ae%9a%e4%bd%8d%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%be%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/?p=595","title":{"rendered":"[GNSS\u7b46\u8a18]\u5f9e\u885b\u661f\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6bcf\u5929\u6211\u5011\u6253\u958b\u624b\u6a5f\u5730\u5716\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0e\u822a\u3001\u53eb\u5916\u9001\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 GNSS \u5b9a\u4f4d\u6280\u8853\u3002\u4f46\u4f60\u6709\u60f3\u904e\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u624b\u6a5f\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u55ce\uff1f\u885b\u661f\u5728 2 \u842c\u516c\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7cbe\u78ba\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4f60\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u63a5\u89f8 GNSS \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u958b\u767c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u300c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u300d\u5145\u6eff\u597d\u5947\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u958b\u767c\u548c\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u628a\u624b\u908a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u505a\u500b\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u66f4\u7406\u89e3 GNSS \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f GNSS\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>GNSS<\/strong>\uff08Global Navigation Satellite System\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5c0e\u822a\u885b\u661f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u901a\u7528\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6240\u6709\u7684\u885b\u661f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>\u570b\u5bb6\/\u5730\u5340<\/th>\n<th>\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf<\/th>\n<th>\u72c0\u614b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>GPS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u7f8e\u570b<\/td>\n<td>31 \u9846<\/td>\n<td>\u904b\u884c\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>GLONASS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af<\/td>\n<td>24 \u9846<\/td>\n<td>\u904b\u884c\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Galileo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6b50\u76df<\/td>\n<td>30 \u9846<\/td>\n<td>\u904b\u884c\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>BeiDou<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u570b<\/td>\n<td>35 \u9846<\/td>\n<td>\u904b\u884c\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u628a GPS \u548c GNSS \u6df7\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c<strong>GPS \u53ea\u662f GNSS \u7684\u4e00\u7a2e<\/strong>\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\u548c\u5c0e\u822a\u8a2d\u5099\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7d44\u6210<\/h2>\n<p>GNSS \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>1. <strong>\u592a\u7a7a\u6bb5\uff08Space Segment\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>24-35 \u9846\u885b\u661f\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u661f\u5ea7\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728 6 \u500b\u8ecc\u9053\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d04 <strong>20,000 \u516c\u91cc<\/strong>\uff08\u4e2d\u5730\u7403\u8ecc\u9053 MEO\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u9846\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u78ba\u4fdd\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u9ede\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u81f3\u5c11 4 \u9846\u885b\u661f<br \/>\n- \u885b\u661f\u7e5e\u5730\u7403\u4e00\u5708\u7d04 12 \u5c0f\u6642<br \/>\n- \u6bcf\u9846\u885b\u661f\u8986\u84cb\u5730\u7403\u7d04 38% \u7684\u9762\u7a4d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u885b\u661f\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8a2d\u5099<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- <strong>\u539f\u5b50\u9418<\/strong>\uff1a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9054\u6bcf\u5929\u8aa4\u5dee &lt; 1 \u5948\u79d2\uff08\u92a3\u6216\u92ab\u539f\u5b50\u9418\uff09<br \/>\n- <strong>\u8a0a\u865f\u767c\u5c04\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u767c\u9001\u5c0e\u822a\u8a0a\u865f<br \/>\n- <strong>\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u677f<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u96fb\u529b<br \/>\n- <strong>\u59ff\u614b\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong>\uff1a\u7dad\u6301\u885b\u661f\u65b9\u5411<\/p>\n<h3>2. <strong>\u63a7\u5236\u6bb5\uff08Control Segment\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5168\u7403\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5730\u9762\u76e3\u63a7\u7ad9\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\uff1a<br \/>\n- <strong>\u76e3\u6e2c\u885b\u661f\u72c0\u614b<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ecc\u9053\u3001\u6642\u9418\u3001\u8a0a\u865f\u54c1\u8cea<br \/>\n- <strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u4fee\u6b63\u53c3\u6578<\/strong>\uff1a\u661f\u66c6\uff08\u885b\u661f\u8ecc\u9053\uff09\u3001\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee<br \/>\n- <strong>\u4e0a\u50b3\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u885b\u661f\u7684\u5c0e\u822a\u8a0a\u606f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982 GPS \u7cfb\u7d71\u6709 1 \u500b\u4e3b\u63a7\u7ad9\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u7f85\u62c9\u591a\uff09\u30016 \u500b\u76e3\u63a7\u7ad9\u30014 \u500b\u4e0a\u50b3\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. <strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6bb5\uff08User Segment\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\uff1a\u624b\u6a5f\u3001\u8eca\u7528\u5c0e\u822a\u3001\u7121\u4eba\u6a5f\u3001\u6e2c\u91cf\u5100\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u6355\u7372\u4e26\u8ffd\u8e64\u885b\u661f\u8a0a\u865f<br \/>\n- \u89e3\u8abf\u5c0e\u822a\u8a0a\u606f<br \/>\n- \u6e2c\u91cf\u5230\u885b\u661f\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2<br \/>\n- \u8a08\u7b97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e09\u908a\u6e2c\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>GNSS \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f <strong>\u4e09\u908a\u6e2c\u91cf\uff08Trilateration\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e09\u89d2\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6e2c\u91cf\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6e2c\u91cf\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7406\u89e3\u4e09\u908a\u6e2c\u91cf<\/h3>\n<p>\u60f3\u50cf\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u964c\u751f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u8ff7\u8def\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u885b\u661f1<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u885b\u661f\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u8ddd\u96e2\u6211 20,000 \u516c\u91cc\u300d<br \/>\n- \u4f60\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u7403\u9762<\/strong>\u4e0a\uff08\u4ee5\u885b\u661f\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u534a\u5f91 20,000 \u516c\u91cc\uff09<br \/>\n- \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u7121\u9650\u591a\u500b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u885b\u661f2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9846\u885b\u661f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u8ddd\u96e2\u6211 21,000 \u516c\u91cc\u300d<br \/>\n- \u5169\u500b\u7403\u9762\u76f8\u4ea4\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b<strong>\u5713<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u9084\u662f\u5f88\u591a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u885b\u661f3<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u7b2c\u4e09\u9846\u885b\u661f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u8ddd\u96e2\u6211 22,000 \u516c\u91cc\u300d<br \/>\n- \u4e09\u500b\u7403\u9762\u76f8\u4ea4\u65bc<strong>\u5169\u500b\u9ede<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u9ede\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\uff08\u6392\u9664\uff09<br \/>\n- \u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e86<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u885b\u661f4<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9084\u9700\u8981\u7b2c 4 \u9846\uff1f<br \/>\n- <strong>\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684\u6642\u9418\u4e0d\u6e96\uff01<\/strong>\uff08\u9019\u662f\u91cd\u9ede\uff09<br \/>\n- \u9700\u8981\u7b2c 4 \u9846\u885b\u661f\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u7b97\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee<br \/>\n- \u5f97\u5230\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  <strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u7528 3 \u9846\u885b\u661f\u5f37\u5236\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff082D \u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u8aa4\u5dee\u53ef\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u4e0a\u767e\u516c\u5c3a\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5047\u8a2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u6e96\u78ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u4ee3\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u81f3\u5c11 4 \u9846\u885b\u661f\u624d\u8f38\u51fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7d50\u679c\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6e2c\u91cf\u8ddd\u96e2\uff1f\u6e2c\u6642\u9593\uff01<\/h2>\n<p>\u5176\u5be6\uff0cGNSS \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e0d\u662f\u6e2c\u91cf\u300c\u8ddd\u96e2\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6e2c\u8ddd\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u885b\u661f\u767c\u9001\u8a0a\u865f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e36\u6709\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a12:00:00.000000000\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u6536\u5230\u8a0a\u865f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8a18\u9304\u63a5\u6536\u6642\u9593\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a12:00:00.067000000\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u9593\u5dee<\/strong>\uff1a&#91; \\Delta t = 0.067 \\text{ \u79d2} &#93;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63db\u7b97\u6210\u8ddd\u96e2<\/strong>\uff1a&#91; d = c \\times \\Delta t = 3 \\times 10^8 \\text{ m\/s} \\times 0.067 \\text{ s} = 20,100,000 \\text{ \u516c\u5c3a} &#93;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53eb\u300c\u507d\u8ddd\u300d\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u56e0\u70ba\u6e2c\u91cf\u5230\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8aa4\u5dee\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f<strong>\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>$ \\text{\u507d\u8ddd} = \\text{\u771f\u5be6\u8ddd\u96e2} + c \\times \\Delta t_{\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee} + \\text{\u5176\u4ed6\u8aa4\u5dee} $<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u885b\u661f\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u9418\uff1a\u6bcf\u5929\u8aa4\u5dee &lt; 1 \u5948\u79d2<br \/>\n- \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u7684\u77f3\u82f1\u632f\u76ea\u5668\uff1a\u6bcf\u5929\u8aa4\u5dee\u7d04 1 \u6beb\u79d2<br \/>\n- <strong>\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1a100 \u842c\u500d\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u6642\u9418\u53ea\u6709 1 \u5fae\u79d2\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\uff1a<br \/>\n$ \u8ddd\u96e2\u8aa4\u5dee = 3 \\times 10^8 \\times 1 \\times 10^{-6} = 300 \\text{ \u516c\u5c3a} $<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981\u7b2c 4 \u9846\u885b\u661f\u4f86\u89e3\u7b97\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001GNSS \u8a0a\u865f\u7d50\u69cb<\/h2>\n<p>GNSS \u8a0a\u865f\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5f31\uff08\u5230\u9054\u5730\u9762\u6642\u529f\u7387\u7d04 -130 dBm\uff0c\u6bd4\u624b\u6a5f\u8a0a\u865f\u5f31 100 \u842c\u500d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9084\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f<strong>\u5c55\u983b\u6280\u8853<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. \u8f09\u6ce2\uff08Carrier\uff09<\/strong><br \/>\n- GPS L1\uff1a1575.42 MHz<br \/>\n- GPS L2\uff1a1227.60 MHz<br \/>\n- GPS L5\uff1a1176.45 MHz<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u6e2c\u8ddd\u78bc\uff08Ranging Code\uff09<\/strong><br \/>\n- <strong>C\/A \u78bc<\/strong>\uff08\u6c11\u7528\uff09\uff1a1.023 MHz\uff0c\u6bcf\u9846\u885b\u661f\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u78bc<br \/>\n- <strong>P \u78bc<\/strong>\uff08\u8ecd\u7528\uff09\uff1a10.23 MHz\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u5c0e\u822a\u8a0a\u606f\uff08Navigation Message\uff09<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u885b\u661f\u8ecc\u9053\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u661f\u66c6\uff09<br \/>\n- \u6642\u9418\u4fee\u6b63\u53c3\u6578<br \/>\n- \u7cfb\u7d71\u72c0\u614b\u8cc7\u8a0a<br \/>\n- \u50b3\u8f38\u901f\u7387\uff1a50 bps\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff01\uff09<\/p>\n<h3>\u5c55\u983b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u512a\u52e2<\/h3>\n<p>GNSS \u4f7f\u7528 <strong>CDMA\uff08\u78bc\u5206\u591a\u5740\uff09<\/strong> \u6280\u8853\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u6240\u6709\u885b\u661f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u983b\u7387\u767c\u5c04<br \/>\n- \u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e2c\u8ddd\u78bc\u5340\u5206<br \/>\n- \u5373\u4f7f\u8a0a\u865f\u88ab\u96dc\u8a0a\u6df9\u6c92\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u76f8\u95dc\u904b\u7b97\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4f86<br \/>\n- <strong>\u8655\u7406\u589e\u76ca<\/strong>\u7d04 30-40 dB<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  <strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u5ba4\u5167\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u983b\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\u5100\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230 GPS \u8a0a\u865f\uff08\u88ab\u96dc\u8a0a\u6df9\u6c92\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u900f\u904e\u76f8\u95dc\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u6355\u7372\u885b\u661f\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5c55\u983b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5ba4\u5167\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a0a\u865f\u7a7f\u900f\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u6703\u56b4\u91cd\u8870\u6e1b\u548c\u5ef6\u9072\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8a08\u7b97\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<p>\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u8a0a\u865f\u8b8a\u6210\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1f\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">\u6b65\u9a5f 1\uff1a\u6355\u7372\uff08Acquisition\uff09\n- \u641c\u5c0b\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f\n- \u627e\u5230\u6e2c\u8ddd\u78bc\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\n- \u7c97\u7565\u4f30\u8a08\u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u983b\u79fb\n\n\u6b65\u9a5f 2\uff1a\u8ffd\u8e64\uff08Tracking\uff09\n- \u9396\u5b9a\u8a0a\u865f\n- \u6301\u7e8c\u6e2c\u91cf\u78bc\u76f8\u4f4d\u548c\u8f09\u6ce2\u76f8\u4f4d\n- \u88dc\u511f\u90fd\u535c\u52d2\u6548\u61c9\n\n\u6b65\u9a5f 3\uff1a\u89e3\u8abf\u5c0e\u822a\u8a0a\u606f\n- \u8b80\u53d6\u661f\u66c6\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u885b\u661f\u8ecc\u9053\uff09\n- \u8b80\u53d6\u6642\u9418\u4fee\u6b63\u53c3\u6578\n- \u9700\u8981 12.5-30 \u79d2\uff08\u5b8c\u6574\u661f\u66c6\uff09\n\n\u6b65\u9a5f 4\uff1a\u8a08\u7b97\u885b\u661f\u4f4d\u7f6e\n- \u6839\u64da\u661f\u66c6\u548c\u6642\u9593\n- \u8a08\u7b97\u885b\u661f\u5728 ECEF \u5ea7\u6a19\u7cfb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\n\n\u6b65\u9a5f 5\uff1a\u6e2c\u91cf\u507d\u8ddd\n- \u5f9e\u78bc\u76f8\u4f4d\u8a08\u7b97\u50b3\u64ad\u6642\u9593\n- \u4e58\u4ee5\u5149\u901f\u5f97\u5230\u507d\u8ddd\n\n\u6b65\u9a5f 6\uff1a\u89e3\u7b97\u4f4d\u7f6e\n- \u5efa\u7acb 4 \u500b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff084 \u9846\u885b\u661f\uff09\n- \u89e3 4 \u500b\u672a\u77e5\u6578\uff08X, Y, Z, \u0394t\uff09\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u6cd5\u6216\u5361\u723e\u66fc\u6ffe\u6ce2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u51b7\u555f\u52d5 vs \u71b1\u555f\u52d5<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- <strong>\u51b7\u555f\u52d5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981 30-60 \u79d2<br \/>\n- <strong>\u71b1\u555f\u52d5<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u661f\u66c6\u548c\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u53ea\u9700 5-10 \u79d2<br \/>\n- <strong>\u6eab\u555f\u52d5<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981 15-30 \u79d2<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001\u8aa4\u5dee\u4f86\u6e90\u8207\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u539f\u7406\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9084\u662f\u6703\u6709\u8aa4\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e3b\u8981\u8aa4\u5dee\u4f86\u6e90<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u8aa4\u5dee\u985e\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u5f71\u97ff<\/th>\n<th>\u4fee\u6b63\u65b9\u6cd5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u885b\u661f\u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1-2 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u661f\u66c6\u53c3\u6578\u4fee\u6b63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u8aa4\u5dee<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1-5 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u7cbe\u5bc6\u661f\u66c6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u96fb\u96e2\u5c64\u5ef6\u9072<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>5-30 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u96d9\u983b\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u6a21\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5c0d\u6d41\u5c64\u5ef6\u9072<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.5-5 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u6a21\u578b\u4fee\u6b63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u591a\u8def\u5f91\u6548\u61c9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u5929\u7dda\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u96dc\u8a0a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.5-2 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u786c\u9ad4\u54c1\u8cea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u4e0d\u540c\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9700\u6c42<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u624b\u6a5f\u5c0e\u822a<\/strong>\uff1a5-10 \u516c\u5c3a\uff08\u55ae\u9ede\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8eca\u7528\u5c0e\u822a<\/strong>\uff1a3-5 \u516c\u5c3a\uff08\u591a GNSS + \u5730\u5716\u5339\u914d\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6e2c\u91cf\u61c9\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u516c\u5206\u7d1a\uff08RTK\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6388\u6642\u61c9\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u5948\u79d2\u7d1a\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u9418\u540c\u6b65\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\n  <strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/strong> \u6211\u5011\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5340\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u591a\u8def\u5f91\u6548\u61c9\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8aa4\u5dee\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u9ad8\u6a13\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u6703\u8b93\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u300c\u4ee5\u70ba\u300d\u885b\u661f\u5728\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u504f\u79fb 20-50 \u516c\u5c3a\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u52a0\u5165\u591a\u8def\u5f91\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5c0d\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b58\u5225\u4e26\u6392\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u53cd\u5c04\u8a0a\u865f\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516b\u3001\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7528\u591a GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u901a\u5e38\u652f\u63f4\u591a\u500b GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\uff08GPS + GLONASS + Galileo + BeiDou\uff09\uff0c\u512a\u52e2\u660e\u986f\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>\u512a\u52e2 1\uff1a\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u55ae GPS\uff1a\u901a\u5e38 6-10 \u9846<\/li>\n<li>\u591a GNSS\uff1a\u53ef\u9054 15-25 \u9846<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u5cfd\u8c37\u3001\u5c71\u5340\u7279\u5225\u6709\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u512a\u52e2 2\uff1a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5206\u5e03<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u885b\u661f\u5206\u5e03\u66f4\u5747\u52fb<\/li>\n<li><strong>DOP \u503c\u66f4\u4f4e<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347 20-40%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u512a\u52e2 3\uff1a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u67d0\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6545\u969c\u6642\u4ecd\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>\u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u570b\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u512a\u52e2 4\uff1a\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u66f4\u591a\u885b\u661f = \u66f4\u5feb\u6355\u7372<\/li>\n<li>\u51b7\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u7e2e\u77ed 30-50%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e5d\u3001GNSS \u7684\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>GNSS \u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5c0e\u822a\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u975e\u5e38\u5ee3\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u670d\u52d9<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8eca\u7528\u5c0e\u822a\u3001\u624b\u6a5f\u5730\u5716<\/li>\n<li>\u5916\u9001\u3001\u53eb\u8eca\u670d\u52d9<\/li>\n<li>\u904b\u52d5\u8ffd\u8e64\u3001\u5065\u8eab\u624b\u9336<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6e2c\u91cf\u8207\u6e2c\u7e6a<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u571f\u5730\u6e2c\u91cf\uff08RTK\uff0c\u516c\u5206\u7d1a\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5730\u8cea\u76e3\u6e2c\u3001\u5730\u9707\u7814\u7a76<\/li>\n<li>\u7cbe\u6e96\u8fb2\u696d\uff08\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\u8fb2\u6a5f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6388\u6642\u670d\u52d9<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u96fb\u4fe1\u57fa\u7ad9\u6642\u9593\u540c\u6b65<\/li>\n<li>\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18<\/li>\n<li>\u96fb\u529b\u7db2\u540c\u6b65<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6c23\u8c61\u9810\u5831\uff08\u96fb\u96e2\u5c64\u76e3\u6e2c\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u5730\u6bbc\u8b8a\u52d5\u76e3\u6e2c<\/li>\n<li>\u592a\u7a7a\u5929\u6c23\u7814\u7a76<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u5341\u3001\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>GNSS \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e3d\u7d50\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6e2c\u6642\u9593 \u2192 \u7b97\u8ddd\u96e2 \u2192 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u95dc\u9375\u6280\u8853\u8981\u9ede<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\u2705 <strong>\u539f\u5b50\u9418<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5948\u79d2\u7d1a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u57fa\u6e96<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 <strong>\u5c55\u983b\u6280\u8853<\/strong>\uff1a\u8b93\u5fae\u5f31\u8a0a\u865f\u80fd\u88ab\u63a5\u6536<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 <strong>\u4e09\u908a\u6e2c\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u8ddd\u96e2\u800c\u975e\u89d2\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 <strong>4 \u9846\u885b\u661f<\/strong>\uff1a3D \u4f4d\u7f6e + \u6642\u9418\u8aa4\u5dee\u4fee\u6b63<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 <strong>\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u878d\u5408<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u5347\u7cbe\u5ea6\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u7406\u89e3 GNSS 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