{"id":609,"date":"2025-12-08T16:03:50","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T08:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/?p=609"},"modified":"2025-12-03T16:28:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T08:28:26","slug":"nmea-%e5%8d%94%e5%ae%9a%ef%bc%9agnss-%e6%8e%a5%e6%94%b6%e6%a9%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8%e8%aa%9e%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/?p=609","title":{"rendered":"NMEA \u5354\u5b9a\uff1aGNSS \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7576\u4f60\u6253\u958b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b3e GNSS \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u7684\u4e32\u53e3\u76e3\u63a7\u8edf\u9ad4,\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u756b\u9762\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u4e32\u4ee5 $GP<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u8a0a\u606f,\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u6efe\u52d5\u66f4\u65b0,\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f88\u6d17\u756b\u9762\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f NMEA \u5354\u5b9a<\/strong>,\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709 GNSS \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u90fd\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6211\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u958b\u767c GNSS \u61c9\u7528\u6642,\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u50cf\u706b\u661f\u6587\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u5b8c\u5168\u6478\u4e0d\u8457\u982d\u7dd2\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u6211\u6162\u6162\u7406\u89e3\u4e86 NMEA \u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5f8c,\u624d\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u5176\u5be6\u6c92\u90a3\u9ebc\u96e3\u61c2,\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u4f86\u5b8c\u6574\u89e3\u6790 NMEA \u5354\u5b9a,\u8b93\u4f60\u4e5f\u80fd\u8f15\u9b06\u8b80\u61c2\u885b\u661f\u7684\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f NMEA\uff1f<\/h2>\n

NMEA<\/strong>\uff08National Marine Electronics Association,\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6d77\u6d0b\u96fb\u5b50\u5354\u6703\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5236\u5b9a\u6d77\u6d0b\u96fb\u5b50\u8a2d\u5099\u901a\u8a0a\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u3002NMEA-0183<\/strong> \u662f\u5176\u5728 1983 \u5e74\u767c\u5e03\u7684\u4e32\u5217\u901a\u8a0a\u5354\u5b9a\u6a19\u6e96,\u539f\u672c\u7528\u65bc\u8239\u8236\u5c0e\u822a\u8a2d\u5099,\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba GNSS \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc NMEA \u9019\u9ebc\u6d41\u884c\uff1f<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \u2705 \u6587\u5b57\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u8b80,\u65b9\u4fbf\u9664\u932f<\/li>\n
  • \u2705 \u7c21\u55ae\u6613\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u9017\u865f\u5206\u9694,\u4e0d\u9700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u89e3\u78bc<\/li>\n
  • \u2705 \u5ee3\u6cdb\u652f\u63f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709 GNSS \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u90fd\u652f\u63f4<\/li>\n
  • \u2705 \u8de8\u5e73\u53f0<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7279\u5b9a\u786c\u9ad4\u6216\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71<\/li>\n
  • \u2705 \u6a19\u6e96\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5ee0\u5546\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u8f38\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u9ede<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u4e32\u5217\u901a\u8a0a<\/strong>\uff1aRS-232 \u6216 USB \u865b\u64ec\u4e32\u53e3<\/li>\n
    • \u6ce2\u7279\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e38\u898b 4800\u30019600\u300138400\u3001115200 bps<\/li>\n
    • \u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1aASCII \u6587\u5b57,\u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u689d\u8a0a\u606f<\/li>\n
    • \u66f4\u65b0\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u5e38 1 Hz,\u90e8\u5206\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u652f\u63f4 5-10 Hz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n

      \u4e8c\u3001NMEA \u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5f0f<\/h2>\n

      \u6bcf\u689d NMEA \u8a0a\u606f\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a<\/p>\n

      $GPGGA,123519,2503.1234,N,12100.5678,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,*47\n\u2191  \u2191   \u2191                                                        \u2191\n|  |   |                                                        \u6821\u9a57\u78bc\n|  |   \u8cc7\u6599\u6b04\u4f4d\uff08\u7528\u9017\u865f\u5206\u9694\uff09\n|  \u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b\uff08Sentence ID\uff09\n\u5c0d\u8a71\u8005 ID\uff08Talker ID\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u7d50\u69cb\u8aaa\u660e<\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. $<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8a0a\u606f\u958b\u59cb\u7b26\u865f<\/li>\n
      2. Talker ID<\/strong>\uff082 \u5b57\u5143\uff09\uff1a\n
          \n
        • GP<\/code> = GPS<\/li>\n
        • GL<\/code> = GLONASS<\/li>\n
        • GA<\/code> = Galileo<\/li>\n
        • GB<\/code> = BeiDou<\/li>\n
        • GN<\/code> = \u591a GNSS \u7d44\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Sentence ID<\/strong>\uff083 \u5b57\u5143\uff09\uff1a\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b\uff08\u5982 GGA\u3001RMC\uff09<\/li>\n
        • \u8cc7\u6599\u6b04\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528 ,<\/code> \u5206\u9694,\u7a7a\u6b04\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u7121\u8cc7\u6599<\/li>\n
        • *<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/li>\n
        • \u6821\u9a57\u78bc<\/strong>\uff082 \u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u5341\u516d\u9032\u4f4d\uff09\uff1aXOR \u6821\u9a57<\/li>\n
        • \\r\\n<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u63db\u884c\u7b26\u865f\uff08\u7d50\u675f\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u8a08\u7b97<\/h3>\n
          \u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u662f $<\/code> \u548c *<\/code> \u4e4b\u9593\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u5143\u7684 XOR \u904b\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $GPGGA,123519,2503.1234,N,12100.5678,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,*47\n\n\u8a08\u7b97\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a\n1. \u53d6\u51fa $ \u548c * \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\uff1a\n   GPGGA,123519,2503.1234,N,12100.5678,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,\n\n2. \u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u7684 ASCII \u78bc\u505a XOR \u904b\u7b97\uff1a\n   'G' XOR 'P' XOR 'G' XOR 'G' XOR 'A' XOR ',' XOR ...\n\n3. \u7d50\u679c\u8f49\u6210\u5341\u516d\u9032\u4f4d\uff1a47\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981\u6821\u9a57\u78bc\uff1f<\/strong>
          \n- \u6aa2\u6e2c\u50b3\u8f38\u932f\u8aa4
          \n- \u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027
          \n- \u4e32\u5217\u901a\u8a0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u96dc\u8a0a\u5e72\u64fe<\/p>\n
          \n
          \u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u7528 NMEA \u8a0a\u606f\u8a73\u89e3<\/h2>\n
          $GPGGA - \u5b9a\u4f4d\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 3D \u5b9a\u4f4d\u8cc7\u8a0a,\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
          $GPGGA,123519,2503.1234,N,12100.5678,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,*47\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d<\/th>\n\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          0<\/td>\n$GPGGA<\/code><\/td>\n\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1<\/td>\n123519<\/code><\/td>\nUTC \u6642\u9593\uff0812:35:19\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n2503.1234<\/code><\/td>\n\u7def\u5ea6\uff0825\u00b003.1234'\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3<\/td>\nN<\/code><\/td>\n\u5317\u7def\uff08N\uff09\u6216\u5357\u7def\uff08S\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4<\/td>\n12100.5678<\/code><\/td>\n\u7d93\u5ea6\uff08121\u00b000.5678'\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5<\/td>\nE<\/code><\/td>\n\u6771\u7d93\uff08E\uff09\u6216\u897f\u7d93\uff08W\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6<\/td>\n1<\/code><\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54c1\u8cea\uff080=\u7121\u6548, 1=GPS, 2=DGPS, 4=RTK\u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3, 5=RTK\u6d6e\u9ede\u89e3\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          7<\/td>\n08<\/code><\/td>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8<\/td>\n0.9<\/code><\/td>\nHDOP\uff08\u6c34\u5e73\u7cbe\u5ea6\u56e0\u5b50,\u7121\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          9<\/td>\n545.4<\/code><\/td>\n\u6d77\u62d4\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10<\/td>\nM<\/code><\/td>\n\u9ad8\u5ea6\u55ae\u4f4d\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          11<\/td>\n46.9<\/code><\/td>\n\u5927\u5730\u6c34\u6e96\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          12<\/td>\nM<\/code><\/td>\n\u55ae\u4f4d\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          13<\/td>\n``<\/td>\nDGPS \u8cc7\u6599\u9f61\u671f\uff08\u7a7a=\u7121 DGPS\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          14<\/td>\n``<\/td>\nDGPS \u57fa\u7ad9 ID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          15<\/td>\n*47<\/code><\/td>\n\u6821\u9a57\u78bc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u5b9a\u4f4d\u54c1\u8cea\u6307\u6a19\u8a73\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u503c<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          0<\/td>\n\u7121\u6548\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/td>\n-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1<\/td>\nGPS \u55ae\u9ede\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08SPS\uff09<\/td>\n5-15 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n\u5dee\u5206 GPS\uff08DGPS\uff09<\/td>\n1-5 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4<\/td>\nRTK \u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3<\/td>\n1-3 \u516c\u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5<\/td>\nRTK \u6d6e\u9ede\u89e3<\/td>\n10-50 \u516c\u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6<\/td>\n\u63a8\u7b97\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6163\u6027\u5c0e\u822a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f49\u63db<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          NMEA \u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u5ea6\u5206\u300d\u683c\u5f0f\uff08DDMM.MMMM\uff09,\u9700\u8981\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u5341\u9032\u4f4d\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a2503.1234,N\n\n\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a\n1. \u524d\u5169\u4f4d\u662f\u5ea6\uff1a25\u00b0\n2. \u5f8c\u9762\u662f\u5206\uff1a03.1234'\n3. \u8f49\u63db\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a\u5ea6 + \u5206\/60\n4. \u8a08\u7b97\uff1a25 + 03.1234\/60 = 25.052056\u00b0\n\n\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5357\u7def\uff08S\uff09\u6216\u897f\u7d93\uff08W\uff09,\u7d50\u679c\u8981\u52a0\u8ca0\u865f\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u5be6\u969b\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u7def\u5ea6 2503.1234,N<\/code> \u2192 25.052056\u00b0N<\/strong>
          \n- \u7d93\u5ea6 12100.5678,E<\/code> \u2192 121.009463\u00b0E<\/strong>
          \n- \u7def\u5ea6 3351.8765,S<\/code> \u2192 -33.864608\u00b0S<\/strong>
          \n- \u7d93\u5ea6 15112.3456,W<\/code> \u2192 -151.205760\u00b0W<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \n  \ud83d\udca1 \u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/strong> \u6211\u5011\u66fe\u7d93\u9047\u904e\u4e00\u500b bug,\u5728\u5357\u534a\u7403\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642,\u7def\u5ea6\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6b63\u503c\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5fd8\u8a18\u6aa2\u67e5 N\/S \u6a19\u8a18,\u5c0e\u81f4\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5317\u534a\u7403\u3002\u9019\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011,\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u8981\u5047\u8a2d\u8cc7\u6599\u683c\u5f0f,\u8981\u56b4\u683c\u6309\u7167\u5354\u5b9a\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
          \n
          $GPRMC - \u63a8\u85a6\u6700\u5c0f\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u5305\u542b\u6642\u9593\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u822a\u5411,\u662f\u6700\u7cbe\u7c21\u4f46\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
          $GPRMC,123519,A,2503.1234,N,12100.5678,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,W*6A\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d<\/th>\n\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          0<\/td>\n$GPRMC<\/code><\/td>\n\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1<\/td>\n123519<\/code><\/td>\nUTC \u6642\u9593\uff0812:35:19\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\nA<\/code><\/td>\n\u72c0\u614b\uff08A=\u6709\u6548, V=\u7121\u6548\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3<\/td>\n2503.1234<\/code><\/td>\n\u7def\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4<\/td>\nN<\/code><\/td>\n\u5317\/\u5357\u7def<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5<\/td>\n12100.5678<\/code><\/td>\n\u7d93\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6<\/td>\nE<\/code><\/td>\n\u6771\/\u897f\u7d93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          7<\/td>\n022.4<\/code><\/td>\n\u5730\u9762\u901f\u7387\uff08\u7bc0,knots\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8<\/td>\n084.4<\/code><\/td>\n\u5730\u9762\u822a\u5411\uff08\u5ea6,\u771f\u5317\u70ba 0\u00b0\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          9<\/td>\n230394<\/code><\/td>\nUTC \u65e5\u671f\uff0823\/03\/1994,DD\/MM\/YY\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10<\/td>\n003.1<\/code><\/td>\n\u78c1\u504f\u89d2\uff08\u5ea6\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          11<\/td>\nW<\/code><\/td>\n\u78c1\u504f\u89d2\u65b9\u5411\uff08E\/W\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          12<\/td>\n*6A<\/code><\/td>\n\u6821\u9a57\u78bc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u901f\u5ea6\u55ae\u4f4d\u8f49\u63db<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1 \u7bc0\uff08knot\uff09= 1.852 \u516c\u91cc\/\u5c0f\u6642\n1 \u7bc0\uff08knot\uff09= 0.514444 \u516c\u5c3a\/\u79d2\n\n\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a022.4 \u7bc0\n\u2192 22.4 \u00d7 1.852 = 41.5 \u516c\u91cc\/\u5c0f\u6642\n\u2192 22.4 \u00d7 0.514444 = 11.5 \u516c\u5c3a\/\u79d2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u822a\u5411\u8aaa\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- 0\u00b0 = \u6b63\u5317
          \n- 90\u00b0 = \u6b63\u6771
          \n- 180\u00b0 = \u6b63\u5357
          \n- 270\u00b0 = \u6b63\u897f<\/p>\n
          RMC \u7684\u512a\u52e2<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u5305\u542b\u65e5\u671f\uff08GGA \u6c92\u6709\uff09
          \n- \u5305\u542b\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u822a\u5411
          \n- \u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u7cbe\u7c21
          \n- \u9069\u5408\u8a18\u9304\u8ecc\u8de1<\/p>\n
          \n
          $GPGSA - \u885b\u661f\u72c0\u614b\u8207 DOP \u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u986f\u793a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u885b\u661f\u3001DOP \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
          $GPGSA,A,3,04,05,,09,12,,,24,,,,,2.5,1.3,2.1*39\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d<\/th>\n\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          0<\/td>\n$GPGSA<\/code><\/td>\n\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1<\/td>\nA<\/code><\/td>\n\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08M=\u624b\u52d5\u9078\u64c7 2D\/3D, A=\u81ea\u52d5\u9078\u64c7\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n3<\/code><\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4f4d\u985e\u578b\uff081=\u7121\u5b9a\u4f4d, 2=2D, 3=3D\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3-14<\/td>\n04,05,...<\/code><\/td>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u885b\u661f PRN \u7de8\u865f\uff08\u6700\u591a 12 \u9846\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          15<\/td>\n2.5<\/code><\/td>\nPDOP\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u56e0\u5b50,\u7121\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          16<\/td>\n1.3<\/code><\/td>\nHDOP\uff08\u6c34\u5e73\u7cbe\u5ea6\u56e0\u5b50,\u7121\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          17<\/td>\n2.1<\/code><\/td>\nVDOP\uff08\u5782\u76f4\u7cbe\u5ea6\u56e0\u5b50,\u7121\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          18<\/td>\n*39<\/code><\/td>\n\u6821\u9a57\u78bc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u5b9a\u4f4d\u985e\u578b\u8aaa\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u503c<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n\u9700\u8981\u885b\u661f\u6578<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          1<\/td>\n\u7121\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/td>\n< 3 \u9846<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n2D \u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff09<\/td>\n3 \u9846<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3<\/td>\n3D \u5b9a\u4f4d<\/td>\n\u2265 4 \u9846<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          DOP \u503c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $ \\text{PDOP}^2 = \\text{HDOP}^2 + \\text{VDOP}^2 $<\/p>\n
          \u7bc4\u4f8b\u9a57\u8b49<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- HDOP = 1.3
          \n- VDOP = 2.1
          \n- PDOP = \u221a(1.3\u00b2 + 2.1\u00b2) = \u221a(1.69 + 4.41) = \u221a6.1 \u2248 2.47 \u2248 2.5 \u2713<\/p>\n
          DOP \u503c\u5224\u8b80<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          DOP \u503c<\/th>\n\u8a55\u7d1a<\/th>\n\u885b\u661f\u5e7e\u4f55<\/th>\n\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4f30\u8a08<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          < 1<\/td>\n\u7406\u60f3<\/td>\n\u6975\u4f73<\/td>\n\u6975\u5c11\u9054\u5230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1-2<\/td>\n\u512a\u79c0<\/td>\n\u5f88\u597d<\/td>\n\u8aa4\u5dee < 5 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2-5<\/td>\n\u826f\u597d<\/td>\n\u597d<\/td>\n\u8aa4\u5dee 5-15 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5-10<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u7b49<\/td>\n\u666e\u901a<\/td>\n\u8aa4\u5dee 15-50 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10-20<\/td>\n\u5dee<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u4f73<\/td>\n\u8aa4\u5dee > 50 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 20<\/td>\n\u6975\u5dee<\/td>\n\u5f88\u5dee<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc DOP \u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u56e0\u70ba DOP \u503c\u53cd\u6620\u885b\u661f\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5206\u5e03\uff1a
          \n- DOP \u4f4e<\/strong>\uff1a\u885b\u661f\u5206\u5e03\u5747\u52fb,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9ad8
          \n- DOP \u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u885b\u661f\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u65b9\u5411,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4f4e<\/p>\n
          \u5be6\u969b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8aa4\u5dee = DOP \u00d7 \u6e2c\u8ddd\u8aa4\u5dee<\/p>\n
          \n
          $GPGSV - \u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f\u8a73\u7d30\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u986f\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f\u7684\u4ef0\u89d2\u3001\u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2\u3001\u8a0a\u566a\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n
          $GPGSV,3,1,11,03,03,111,00,04,15,270,00,06,01,010,00,13,06,292,00*74\n$GPGSV,3,2,11,14,25,170,00,16,57,208,39,18,67,296,40,19,40,246,00*74\n$GPGSV,3,3,11,22,42,067,42,24,14,311,43,27,05,244,00,,,,*4D\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d\u89e3\u6790\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u8a0a\u606f\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d<\/th>\n\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          0<\/td>\n$GPGSV<\/code><\/td>\n\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1<\/td>\n3<\/code><\/td>\n\u7e3d\u8a0a\u606f\u6578\uff08\u9700\u8981 3 \u689d\u8a0a\u606f\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n1<\/code><\/td>\n\u7576\u524d\u8a0a\u606f\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u7b2c 1 \u689d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3<\/td>\n11<\/code><\/td>\n\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f\u7e3d\u6578\uff0811 \u9846\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4-7<\/td>\n03,03,111,00<\/code><\/td>\n\u885b\u661f 1\uff1aPRN=03, \u4ef0\u89d2=3\u00b0, \u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2=111\u00b0, C\/N0=00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8-11<\/td>\n04,15,270,00<\/code><\/td>\n\u885b\u661f 2\uff1aPRN=04, \u4ef0\u89d2=15\u00b0, \u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2=270\u00b0, C\/N0=00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          12-15<\/td>\n06,01,010,00<\/code><\/td>\n\u885b\u661f 3\uff1aPRN=06, \u4ef0\u89d2=1\u00b0, \u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2=10\u00b0, C\/N0=00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          16-19<\/td>\n13,06,292,00<\/code><\/td>\n\u885b\u661f 4\uff1aPRN=13, \u4ef0\u89d2=6\u00b0, \u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2=292\u00b0, C\/N0=00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          20<\/td>\n*74<\/code><\/td>\n\u6821\u9a57\u78bc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u6bcf\u689d GSV \u8a0a\u606f\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b 4 \u9846\u885b\u661f\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/strong>,\u6240\u4ee5 11 \u9846\u885b\u661f\u9700\u8981 3 \u689d\u8a0a\u606f\uff084+4+3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u885b\u661f\u53c3\u6578\u8aaa\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          1. PRN\uff08Pseudo-Random Noise\uff09\u7de8\u865f<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- GPS\uff1a1-32
          \n- GLONASS\uff1a65-96
          \n- Galileo\uff1a1-36\uff08Talker ID \u70ba GA\uff09
          \n- BeiDou\uff1a1-63\uff08Talker ID \u70ba GB\uff09<\/p>\n
          2. \u4ef0\u89d2\uff08Elevation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u7bc4\u570d\uff1a0-90\u00b0
          \n- 0\u00b0 = \u5730\u5e73\u7dda
          \n- 90\u00b0 = \u5929\u9802\uff08\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\uff09
          \n- \u4ef0\u89d2\u8d8a\u9ad8,\u8a0a\u865f\u54c1\u8cea\u901a\u5e38\u8d8a\u597d<\/p>\n
          3. \u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2\uff08Azimuth\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u7bc4\u570d\uff1a0-359\u00b0
          \n- 0\u00b0 = \u6b63\u5317
          \n- 90\u00b0 = \u6b63\u6771
          \n- 180\u00b0 = \u6b63\u5357
          \n- 270\u00b0 = \u6b63\u897f<\/p>\n
          4. C\/N0\uff08\u8a0a\u566a\u6bd4,Carrier-to-Noise Ratio\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          C\/N0 \u503c<\/th>\n\u8a0a\u865f\u54c1\u8cea<\/th>\n\u74b0\u5883<\/th>\n\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          > 45 dB-Hz<\/strong><\/td>\n\u512a\u79c0<\/td>\n\u7a7a\u66e0\u6236\u5916<\/td>\n\u2705 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          40-45 dB-Hz<\/strong><\/td>\n\u826f\u597d<\/td>\n\u4e00\u822c\u6236\u5916<\/td>\n\u2705 \u53ef\u9760\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          35-40 dB-Hz<\/strong><\/td>\n\u4e2d\u7b49<\/td>\n\u6709\u906e\u853d<\/td>\n\u26a0\ufe0f \u53ef\u7528\u4f46\u7cbe\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          30-35 dB-Hz<\/strong><\/td>\n\u5dee<\/td>\n\u56b4\u91cd\u906e\u853d<\/td>\n\u26a0\ufe0f \u7cbe\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          < 30 dB-Hz<\/strong><\/td>\n\u6975\u5dee<\/td>\n\u5ba4\u5167\/\u5cfd\u8c37<\/td>\n\u274c \u901a\u5e38\u7121\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          00<\/strong><\/td>\n\u7121\u8a0a\u865f<\/td>\n-<\/td>\n\u274c \u53ef\u898b\u4f46\u672a\u8ffd\u8e64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \n  \ud83d\udca1 \u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u958b\u767c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54c1\u8cea\u76e3\u63a7\u529f\u80fd\u6642,\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u55ae\u770b\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u4e0d\u5920,\u9084\u8981\u770b C\/N0\u3002\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u5ba4\u5167\u6e2c\u8a66,\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u986f\u793a 8 \u9846\u885b\u661f,\u4f46 C\/N0 \u90fd\u4f4e\u65bc 25 dB-Hz,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7d50\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u52a0\u5165 C\/N0 \u9580\u6abb\u904e\u6ffe\uff08> 30 dB-Hz\uff09,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54c1\u8cea\u660e\u986f\u6539\u5584\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
          GSV \u7684\u61c9\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u8a3a\u65b7\u8a0a\u865f\u54c1\u8cea\u554f\u984c
          \n- \u5224\u65b7\u5929\u7dda\u5b89\u88dd\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba
          \n- \u5206\u6790\u906e\u853d\u7269\u5f71\u97ff
          \n- \u9078\u64c7\u6700\u4f73\u89c0\u6e2c\u6642\u6bb5<\/p>\n
          \n
          $GPGST - \u7cbe\u5ea6\u7d71\u8a08\uff08\u9078\u914d\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u90e8\u5206\u9ad8\u968e\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u652f\u63f4,\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4f30\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n
          $GPGST,123519,3.2,6.6,4.7,47.3,5.8,5.6,22.6*58\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u6b04\u4f4d<\/th>\n\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          0<\/td>\n$GPGST<\/code><\/td>\n\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1<\/td>\n123519<\/code><\/td>\nUTC \u6642\u9593<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2<\/td>\n3.2<\/code><\/td>\nRMS \u8aa4\u5dee\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3<\/td>\n6.6<\/code><\/td>\n\u8aa4\u5dee\u6a62\u5713\u9577\u8ef8\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4<\/td>\n4.7<\/code><\/td>\n\u8aa4\u5dee\u6a62\u5713\u77ed\u8ef8\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5<\/td>\n47.3<\/code><\/td>\n\u8aa4\u5dee\u6a62\u5713\u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2\uff08\u5ea6\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6<\/td>\n5.8<\/code><\/td>\n\u7def\u5ea6\u8aa4\u5dee\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          7<\/td>\n5.6<\/code><\/td>\n\u7d93\u5ea6\u8aa4\u5dee\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8<\/td>\n22.6<\/code><\/td>\n\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8aa4\u5dee\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee\uff08\u516c\u5c3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          9<\/td>\n*58<\/code><\/td>\n\u6821\u9a57\u78bc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u6c34\u5e73\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4f30\u8a08<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $ \\text{\u6c34\u5e73\u7cbe\u5ea6} \\approx \\sqrt{\\text{\u7def\u5ea6\u8aa4\u5dee}^2 + \\text{\u7d93\u5ea6\u8aa4\u5dee}^2} $<\/p>\n
          \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u221a(5.8\u00b2 + 5.6\u00b2) = \u221a(33.64 + 31.36) = \u221a65 \u2248 8.1 \u516c\u5c3a<\/p>\n
          GST \u7684\u50f9\u503c<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u81ea\u5df1\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6
          \n- \u6bd4 DOP \u66f4\u76f4\u63a5
          \n- \u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u54c1\u8cea\u63a7\u5236
          \n- \u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u90fd\u652f\u63f4<\/p>\n
          \n
          \u56db\u3001\u5be6\u52d9\u61c9\u7528\u5efa\u8b70<\/h2>\n
          1. \u9078\u64c7\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8a0a\u606f<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u4e0d\u8981\u8f38\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8a0a\u606f,\u53ea\u555f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u61c9\u7528\u5834\u666f<\/th>\n\u5efa\u8b70\u8a0a\u606f\u7d44\u5408<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong><\/td>\nGGA + RMC<\/td>\n\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u901f\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u54c1\u8cea\u76e3\u63a7<\/strong><\/td>\nGGA + GSA + GSV<\/td>\n\u52a0\u4e0a DOP \u548c\u885b\u661f\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u7cbe\u5ea6\u8a55\u4f30<\/strong><\/td>\nGGA + GSA + GST<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u652f\u63f4 GST<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u8ecc\u8de1\u8a18\u9304<\/strong><\/td>\nRMC<\/td>\n\u6700\u7cbe\u7c21,\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u6700\u5c0f\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/td>\nRMC<\/td>\n\u4e00\u689d\u8a0a\u606f\u5305\u542b\u6700\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          2. \u6ce2\u7279\u7387\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u6839\u64da\u66f4\u65b0\u7387\u548c\u8a0a\u606f\u6578\u91cf\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u6ce2\u7279\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u66f4\u65b0\u7387<\/th>\n\u8a0a\u606f\u7d44\u5408<\/th>\n\u6bcf\u79d2\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf<\/th>\n\u5efa\u8b70\u6ce2\u7279\u7387<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          1 Hz<\/td>\nGGA + RMC<\/td>\n~160 bytes<\/td>\n9600 bps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1 Hz<\/td>\nGGA + RMC + GSA + GSV<\/td>\n~400 bytes<\/td>\n9600 bps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5 Hz<\/td>\nGGA + RMC<\/td>\n~800 bytes<\/td>\n19200 bps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5 Hz<\/td>\nGGA + RMC + GSA<\/td>\n~1000 bytes<\/td>\n38400 bps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10 Hz<\/td>\nGGA + RMC<\/td>\n~1600 bytes<\/td>\n38400 bps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10 Hz<\/td>\nGGA + RMC + GSA<\/td>\n~2000 bytes<\/td>\n115200 bps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u8a08\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u6bcf\u689d NMEA \u8a0a\u606f\u7d04 70-100 \u5b57\u5143\n\u52a0\u4e0a\u63db\u884c\u7b26\u865f\u7d04 80-110 bytes\n\n\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a5 Hz,\u8f38\u51fa GGA + RMC + GSA\n\n\u6bcf\u79d2\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf = (80 + 80 + 60) bytes \u00d7 5 Hz = 1100 bytes\/s\n\u9700\u8981\u983b\u5bec = 1100 \u00d7 10 bits = 11000 bps\n\u5efa\u8b70\u6ce2\u7279\u7387 = 19200 bps\uff08\u7559 2 \u500d\u9918\u88d5\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          3. \u932f\u8aa4\u8655\u7406\u6aa2\u67e5\u6e05\u55ae<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u89e3\u6790 NMEA \u6642,\u52d9\u5fc5\u6aa2\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u2705 \u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u6aa2\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u8a0a\u606f\u958b\u982d\u662f\u5426\u70ba $<\/code>
          \n- \u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b *<\/code> \u548c\u6821\u9a57\u78bc
          \n- \u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba<\/p>\n
          \u2705 \u8cc7\u6599\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6aa2\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u6b04\u4f4d\u6578\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u5920
          \n- \u6578\u503c\u6b04\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u7a7a
          \n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff08GGA quality \u2265 1, RMC status = A\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u2705 \u683c\u5f0f\u8f49\u63db\u6aa2\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u8f49\u63db\uff08\u5ea6\u5206 \u2192 \u5341\u9032\u4f4d\u5ea6\uff09
          \n- \u5357\u7def\/\u897f\u7d93\u8981\u52a0\u8ca0\u865f
          \n- \u6642\u9593\u662f UTC \u9700\u8f49\u63db<\/p>\n
          \u2705 \u5408\u7406\u6027\u6aa2\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u7def\u5ea6\u7bc4\u570d\uff1a-90\u00b0 \u5230 +90\u00b0
          \n- \u7d93\u5ea6\u7bc4\u570d\uff1a-180\u00b0 \u5230 +180\u00b0
          \n- \u9ad8\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406
          \n- \u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406<\/p>\n
          4. \u591a GNSS \u8655\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u73fe\u4ee3\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u6703\u8f38\u51fa\u591a\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $GPGGA,... (GPS \u5b9a\u4f4d)\n$GLGGA,... (GLONASS \u5b9a\u4f4d)\n$GAGGA,... (Galileo \u5b9a\u4f4d)\n$GBGGA,... (BeiDou \u5b9a\u4f4d)\n$GNGGA,... (\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d44\u5408\u5b9a\u4f4d) \u2190 \u63a8\u85a6\u4f7f\u7528\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u8655\u7406\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u7b56\u7565<\/th>\n\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n\u512a\u9ede<\/th>\n\u7f3a\u9ede<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u53ea\u7528 GN<\/strong><\/td>\n\u53ea\u89e3\u6790 $GN<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u7684\u8a0a\u606f<\/td>\n\u7c21\u55ae,\u5df2\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7d50\u679c<\/td>\n\u7121\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u5404\u7cfb\u7d71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u5206\u5225\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/td>\n\u89e3\u6790\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8a0a\u606f<\/td>\n\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f03\u5404\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n\u8907\u96dc,\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u5927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f<\/strong><\/td>\nGN > GP > GL > GA > GB<\/td>\n\u6709\u5099\u63f4\u6a5f\u5236<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u908f\u8f2f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
          \u63a8\u85a6\u505a\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u53ea\u7528 $GN<\/code> \u8a0a\u606f
          \n- \u8a3a\u65b7\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u89e3\u6790\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684 GSV \u8a0a\u606f
          \n- \u7814\u7a76\u958b\u767c\uff1a\u8a18\u9304\u6240\u6709\u8a0a\u606f\u4f9b\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n
          5. \u6548\u80fd\u512a\u5316\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \u6e1b\u5c11\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u53ea\u555f\u7528\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b
          \n- GSV \u8a0a\u606f\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u5927,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6642\u53ef\u95dc\u9589
          \n- \u964d\u4f4e\u66f4\u65b0\u7387\uff08\u5982\u679c\u61c9\u7528\u5141\u8a31\uff09<\/p>\n
          \u63d0\u9ad8\u89e3\u6790\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u8a0a\u606f\u985e\u578b,\u53ea\u89e3\u6790\u9700\u8981\u7684
          \n- \u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u8868\u6cd5\u800c\u975e\u5b57\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f03
          \n- \u5feb\u53d6\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u7d50\u679c<\/p>\n
          \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7de9\u885d\u5340
          \n- \u907f\u514d\u52d5\u614b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u914d
          \n- \u53ca\u6642\u6e05\u7406\u904e\u671f\u8cc7\u6599<\/p>\n
          \n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u898b\u9677\u9631\u8207\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n
          \u274c \u9677\u9631 1\uff1a\u6642\u9593\u662f UTC \u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u5730\u6642\u9593<\/h3>\n
          \u554f\u984c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          GGA \u6642\u9593\uff1a123519\n\u76f4\u63a5\u986f\u793a\uff1a12:35:19\uff08\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u662f\u53f0\u5317\u6642\u9593\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b63\u78ba\u505a\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          GGA \u6642\u9593\uff1a123519\uff08UTC\uff09\n\u53f0\u5317\u6642\u9593\uff08UTC+8\uff09\uff1a123519 + 8 \u5c0f\u6642 = 20:35:19\n\n\u6ce8\u610f\u8de8\u65e5\u554f\u984c\uff1a\nUTC \u6642\u9593\uff1a235959\uff0823:59:59\uff09\n\u53f0\u5317\u6642\u9593\uff1a235959 + 8 \u5c0f\u6642 = \u6b21\u65e5 07:59:59\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u274c \u9677\u9631 2\uff1a\u7a7a\u6b04\u4f4d\u8655\u7406<\/h3>\n
          \u554f\u984c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          $GPGGA,123519,,,,,0,00,,,M,,M,,*XX\n\u2191 \u7121\u6548\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6642,\u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\u7b49\u6b04\u4f4d\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b63\u78ba\u505a\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54c1\u8cea\uff08\u6b04\u4f4d 6\uff09
          \n- \u6aa2\u67e5\u6b04\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u7a7a\u518d\u89e3\u6790
          \n- \u8a2d\u5b9a\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\u6216\u932f\u8aa4\u6a19\u8a18<\/p>\n
          \u274c \u9677\u9631 3\uff1a\u7d93\u7def\u5ea6\u683c\u5f0f\u6df7\u6dc6<\/h3>\n
          \u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u7def\u5ea6\uff1a2503.1234\n\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\uff1a2503.1234 \u5ea6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b63\u78ba\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          2503.1234 = 25\u00b003.1234'\uff08\u5ea6\u5206\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\n\u8f49\u63db\uff1a25 + 03.1234\/60 = 25.052056 \u5ea6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u274c \u9677\u9631 4\uff1a\u5fd8\u8a18\u6aa2\u67e5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54c1\u8cea<\/h3>\n
          \u554f\u984c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u53ea\u8981\u6536\u5230 GGA \u8a0a\u606f\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8cc7\u6599\n\u2192 \u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7121\u6548\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7d50\u679c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b63\u78ba\u505a\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u6aa2\u67e5 GGA \u6b04\u4f4d 6\uff08\u5b9a\u4f4d\u54c1\u8cea\uff09\uff1a\n- 0 = \u7121\u6548,\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 \u274c\n- 1 = GPS \u55ae\u9ede\u5b9a\u4f4d,\u53ef\u7528 \u2705\n- 2 = DGPS,\u7cbe\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8 \u2705\n- 4 = RTK \u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3,\u516c\u5206\u7d1a \u2705\n- 5 = RTK \u6d6e\u9ede\u89e3,\u5206\u7c73\u7d1a \u2705\n\n\u6216\u6aa2\u67e5 RMC \u6b04\u4f4d 2\uff08\u72c0\u614b\uff09\uff1a\n- A = \u6709\u6548 \u2705\n- V = \u7121\u6548 \u274c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u274c \u9677\u9631 5\uff1aHDOP \u7576\u6210\u516c\u5c3a<\/h3>\n
          \u932f\u8aa4\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          HDOP = 1.5\n\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\uff1a\u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee 1.5 \u516c\u5c3a\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b63\u78ba\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          HDOP = 1.5\uff08\u7121\u55ae\u4f4d,\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u500d\u6578\uff09\n\u6e2c\u8ddd\u8aa4\u5dee = 5 \u516c\u5c3a\uff08\u5047\u8a2d\uff09\n\u5be6\u969b\u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee \u2248 1.5 \u00d7 5 = 7.5 \u516c\u5c3a\n\nHDOP \u53ea\u662f\u5e7e\u4f55\u56e0\u5b50,\u4e0d\u662f\u8aa4\u5dee\u672c\u8eab\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u274c \u9677\u9631 6\uff1a\u5ffd\u7565\u6821\u9a57\u78bc<\/h3>\n
          \u554f\u984c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u70ba\u4e86\u7c21\u5316,\u4e0d\u9a57\u8b49\u6821\u9a57\u78bc\n\u2192 \u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u640d\u58de\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u6b63\u78ba\u505a\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \n- \u6c38\u9060\u9a57\u8b49\u6821\u9a57\u78bc
          \n- \u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\u4e1f\u68c4\u6574\u689d\u8a0a\u606f
          \n- \u8a18\u9304\u932f\u8aa4\u7387\u7528\u65bc\u8a3a\u65b7<\/p>\n
          \n  \ud83d\udca1 \u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8eca\u8f09\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d,\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5076\u723e\u6703\u300c\u8df3\u52d5\u300d\u5230\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u96fb\u78c1\u5e72\u64fe\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e32\u53e3\u8cc7\u6599\u640d\u58de,\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u9a57\u8b49\u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u3002\u52a0\u5165\u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u9a57\u8b49\u5f8c,\u9019\u4e9b\u7570\u5e38\u8cc7\u6599\u88ab\u904e\u6ffe\u6389,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u8981\u8df3\u904e\u6821\u9a57\u78bc\u9a57\u8b49<\/strong>\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
          \n
          \u516d\u3001\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n
          NMEA-0183 \u662f GNSS \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u6700\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \u2705 \u512a\u9ede<\/h3>\n