{"id":618,"date":"2025-12-13T16:43:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-13T08:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/?p=618"},"modified":"2025-12-03T17:01:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T09:01:19","slug":"gnss%e7%ad%86%e8%a8%98%e5%a4%9a%e8%a1%9b%e6%98%9f%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e6%95%b4%e5%90%88%ef%bc%9agps-glonass-galileo-beidou-%e6%9c%89%e5%a4%9a%e5%bc%b7%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/?p=618","title":{"rendered":"[GNSS\u7b46\u8a18]\u591a\u885b\u661f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6574\u5408\uff1aGPS + GLONASS + Galileo + BeiDou \u6709\u591a\u5f37\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6253\u958b\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8a2d\u5b9a,\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u5230\u300c\u4f7f\u7528 GPS\u3001GLONASS\u3001Galileo \u548c BeiDou\u300d\u7684\u9078\u9805\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u597d\u5947\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981\u9019\u9ebc\u591a\u885b\u661f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f\u96e3\u9053 GPS \u4e0d\u5920\u7528\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u958b\u767c GNSS \u61c9\u7528\u6642,\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba GPS \u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u6e2c\u8a66\u4e2d,\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5340,\u55ae\u7528 GPS \u6642\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7d93\u5e38\u300c\u8df3\u52d5\u300d,\u8aa4\u5dee\u53ef\u9054 30-50 \u516c\u5c3a\uff1b\u800c\u555f\u7528\u591a GNSS \u5f8c,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347,\u8aa4\u5dee\u964d\u5230 10-15 \u516c\u5c3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u4f86\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1a<strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u591a GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\u6574\u5408\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u5b83\u5e36\u4f86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5be6\u8cea\u6539\u5584\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u5168\u7403\u56db\u5927 GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71<\/h2>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u6709\u56db\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u904b\u4f5c\u7684 GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3><strong>GPS\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9805\u76ee<\/th>\n<th>\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5168\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Global Positioning System<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u904b\u71df\u570b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u7f8e\u570b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>31 \u9846\uff08\u904b\u884c\u4e2d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u9ad8\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>20,200 \u516c\u91cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u9031\u671f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>11 \u5c0f\u6642 58 \u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9996\u6b21\u767c\u5c04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1978 \u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u904b\u4f5c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1995 \u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8a0a\u865f\u983b\u7387<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>L1 (1575.42 MHz), L2 (1227.60 MHz), L5 (1176.45 MHz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8986\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u7403<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u7279\u9ede<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u6700\u65e9\u3001\u6700\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u5ee3\u6cdb\u652f\u63f4,\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u6700\u597d<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u6c11\u7528\u8a0a\u865f\u514d\u8cbb\u958b\u653e<br \/>\n- \u26a0\ufe0f \u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u8ecd\u65b9\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<h3><strong>GLONASS\uff08\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9805\u76ee<\/th>\n<th>\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5168\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u904b\u71df\u570b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>24 \u9846\uff08\u904b\u884c\u4e2d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u9ad8\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>19,100 \u516c\u91cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u9031\u671f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>11 \u5c0f\u6642 15 \u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9996\u6b21\u767c\u5c04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1982 \u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u904b\u4f5c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2011 \u5e74\uff08\u91cd\u5efa\u5f8c\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8a0a\u865f\u983b\u7387<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>L1 (1598-1606 MHz), L2 (1242-1249 MHz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8986\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u7403\uff08\u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\u5730\u5340\u66f4\u597d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u7279\u9ede<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\u5730\u5340\uff08\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3001\u5317\u6b50\uff09\u8986\u84cb\u512a\u79c0<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u4f7f\u7528 FDMA\uff08\u983b\u5206\u591a\u5740\uff09,\u6bcf\u9846\u885b\u661f\u4e0d\u540c\u983b\u7387<br \/>\n- \u26a0\ufe0f \u885b\u661f\u58fd\u547d\u8f03\u77ed,\u9700\u8981\u983b\u7e41\u88dc\u5145<br \/>\n- \u26a0\ufe0f \u7cbe\u5ea6\u7565\u4f4e\u65bc GPS<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Galileo\uff08\u6b50\u76df\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9805\u76ee<\/th>\n<th>\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5168\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Galileo Navigation System<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u904b\u71df\u570b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6b50\u76df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>30 \u9846\uff08\u76ee\u6a19\uff09,\u76ee\u524d 28 \u9846\u904b\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u9ad8\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>23,222 \u516c\u91cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u9031\u671f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>14 \u5c0f\u6642 4 \u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9996\u6b21\u767c\u5c04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2011 \u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u904b\u4f5c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2020 \u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8a0a\u865f\u983b\u7387<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>E1 (1575.42 MHz), E5a (1176.45 MHz), E5b (1207.14 MHz), E6 (1278.75 MHz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8986\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u7403<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u7279\u9ede<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u6700\u65b0\u3001\u6700\u5148\u9032\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u6c11\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08,\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\uff08\u516c\u958b\u670d\u52d9\uff09<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u8a0a\u865f\u529f\u7387\u8f03\u5f37<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u8207 GPS \u90e8\u5206\u983b\u7387\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u597d\uff09<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u63d0\u4f9b\u641c\u6551\u670d\u52d9\uff08SAR\uff09<\/p>\n<h3><strong>BeiDou\uff08\u4e2d\u570b\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9805\u76ee<\/th>\n<th>\u5167\u5bb9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5168\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>BeiDou Navigation Satellite System\uff08\u5317\u6597\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u904b\u71df\u570b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u570b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>35 \u9846\uff08MEO + GEO + IGSO\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8ecc\u9053\u9ad8\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MEO: 21,500 \u516c\u91cc, GEO: 35,786 \u516c\u91cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u9996\u6b21\u767c\u5c04<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2000 \u5e74\uff08BDS-1\uff09, 2012 \u5e74\uff08BDS-2\uff09, 2017 \u5e74\uff08BDS-3\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u904b\u4f5c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2020 \u5e74\uff08BDS-3\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8a0a\u865f\u983b\u7387<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>B1I (1561.098 MHz), B1C (1575.42 MHz), B2a (1176.45 MHz), B3I (1268.52 MHz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u8986\u84cb\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u7403\uff08\u4e9e\u592a\u5730\u5340\u589e\u5f37\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u7279\u9ede<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u7368\u7279\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u661f\u5ea7\uff08MEO + GEO + IGSO\uff09<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u4e9e\u592a\u5730\u5340\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u6700\u591a<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u63d0\u4f9b\u77ed\u5831\u6587\u901a\u8a0a\u670d\u52d9<br \/>\n- \u2705 BDS-3 \u8207 GPS\/Galileo \u983b\u7387\u76f8\u5bb9<br \/>\n- \u26a0\ufe0f \u5168\u7403\u670d\u52d9\u8f03\u65b0,\u4ecd\u5728\u5b8c\u5584<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981\u591a GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>1. \u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u55ae\u7cfb\u7d71 vs \u591a\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">\u53ea\u7528 GPS\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5340\uff09\uff1a\n- \u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f\uff1a6-10 \u9846\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u885b\u661f\uff1a4-8 \u9846\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff1a85%\n\nGPS + GLONASS + Galileo + BeiDou\uff1a\n- \u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f\uff1a20-30 \u9846\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u885b\u661f\uff1a12-20 \u9846\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff1a98%\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5be6\u6e2c\u6578\u64da\uff08\u53f0\u5317\u4fe1\u7fa9\u5340\uff0c2024\u5e74\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d44\u5408<\/th>\n<th>\u5e73\u5747\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f<\/th>\n<th>\u5e73\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u885b\u661f<\/th>\n<th>HDOP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS \u55ae\u7368<\/td>\n<td>8.2<\/td>\n<td>6.5<\/td>\n<td>2.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>14.5<\/td>\n<td>10.2<\/td>\n<td>1.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + Galileo<\/td>\n<td>15.8<\/td>\n<td>11.3<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + BeiDou<\/td>\n<td>16.2<\/td>\n<td>11.8<\/td>\n<td>1.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>25.3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>16.7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.9<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u6539\u5584\u5e45\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f\uff1a<strong>\u589e\u52a0 3 \u500d<\/strong><br \/>\n- HDOP\uff1a<strong>\u964d\u4f4e 68%<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff1a<strong>\u63d0\u5347 40-60%<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5206\u5e03<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>\uff1a\u885b\u661f\u5206\u5e03\u8d8a\u5747\u52fb,DOP \u503c\u8d8a\u4f4e,\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">\u53ea\u7528 GPS\uff08\u90fd\u5e02\u5cfd\u8c37\uff09\uff1a\n        \u25cf \u25cf        \u2190 \u885b\u661f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5929\u9802\n       \u25cf \u25cf \u25cf\n      ---------    \u2190 \u4f4e\u4ef0\u89d2\u88ab\u906e\u853d\n         \u25b2\n      \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\nHDOP = 3.5\uff08\u5dee\uff09\n\n\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\n    \u25cf   \u25cf   \u25cf      \u2190 \u885b\u661f\u5206\u5e03\u5747\u52fb\n  \u25cf   \u25cf \u25cf \u25cf   \u25cf\n \u25cf  -----------  \u25cf \u2190 \u5404\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u6709\n         \u25b2\n      \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\nHDOP = 1.2\uff08\u597d\uff09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5be6\u969b\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53f0\u5317 101 \u9644\u8fd1\u6e2c\u8a66\uff08\u9ad8\u6a13\u74b0\u5883\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">GPS \u55ae\u7368\uff1a\n- \u885b\u661f\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5929\u9802\uff08\u4ef0\u89d2 &gt; 60\u00b0\uff09\n- \u65b9\u4f4d\u89d2\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 0-120\u00b0\n- HDOP = 3.2\n- \u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee\uff1a25 \u516c\u5c3a\n\n\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\n- \u885b\u661f\u5206\u5e03 360\u00b0\n- \u4ef0\u89d2\u5f9e 15\u00b0 \u5230 85\u00b0\n- HDOP = 1.1\n- \u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee\uff1a8 \u516c\u5c3a\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3><strong>3. \u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u51b7\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u661f\u66c6\u3001\u6642\u9593\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d44\u5408<\/th>\n<th>\u7406\u60f3\u74b0\u5883<\/th>\n<th>\u90fd\u5e02\u74b0\u5883<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS \u55ae\u7368<\/td>\n<td>26-30 \u79d2<\/td>\n<td>35-60 \u79d2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>24-28 \u79d2<\/td>\n<td>30-50 \u79d2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + Galileo<\/td>\n<td>22-26 \u79d2<\/td>\n<td>28-45 \u79d2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71<\/td>\n<td><strong>20-26 \u79d2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>25-40 \u79d2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u66f4\u5feb\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u66f4\u591a\u885b\u661f \u2192 \u66f4\u5feb\u6355\u7372\u5230\u8db3\u5920\u6578\u91cf<br \/>\n- \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u7279\u5b9a\u885b\u661f\u5347\u8d77<br \/>\n- \u5373\u4f7f\u90e8\u5206\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a0a\u865f\u5f31,\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u88dc\u5145<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. \u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5099\u63f4\u6a5f\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">\u5834\u666f\uff1a\u67d0\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6545\u969c\u6216\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\n\n\u53ea\u7528 GPS\uff1a\n- GPS \u8a0a\u865f\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\n- \u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d \u274c\n\n\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a\n- GPS \u8a0a\u865f\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\n- \u4ecd\u6709 GLONASS\u3001Galileo\u3001BeiDou\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u904b\u4f5c \u2705\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5be6\u969b\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- 2016 \u5e74\uff0cGPS \u5730\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u7ad9\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5340\u8a0a\u865f\u7570\u5e38<br \/>\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u591a GNSS \u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff<br \/>\n- \u55ae GPS \u8a2d\u5099\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e2d\u65b7<\/p>\n<h3><strong>5. \u6e1b\u5c11\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>\u63a7\u5236\u65b9<\/th>\n<th>\u6c11\u7528\u670d\u52d9\u4fdd\u8b49<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>\u7f8e\u570b\u8ecd\u65b9<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u96a8\u6642\u964d\u7d1a\u6216\u95dc\u9589<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u570b\u9632\u90e8<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u96a8\u6642\u964d\u7d1a\u6216\u95dc\u9589<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Galileo<\/td>\n<td>\u6b50\u76df\u6c11\u7528\u6a5f\u69cb<\/td>\n<td>\u6c11\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08,\u627f\u8afe\u6301\u7e8c\u670d\u52d9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BeiDou<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u5e9c<\/td>\n<td>\u627f\u8afe\u5168\u7403\u514d\u8cbb\u670d\u52d9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u512a\u52e2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u55ae\u4e00\u570b\u5bb6<br \/>\n- \u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u7cfb\u7d71\u88ab\u95dc\u9589,\u4ecd\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7<br \/>\n- \u5546\u696d\u548c\u95dc\u9375\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u4fdd\u969c<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u591a GNSS \u6574\u5408\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6311\u6230<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>1. \u6642\u9593\u7cfb\u7d71\u5dee\u7570<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u500b GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u57fa\u6e96\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>\u6642\u9593\u57fa\u6e96<\/th>\n<th>\u8207 GPS \u6642\u9593\u5dee<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>GPS Time<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>UTC (Moscow)<\/td>\n<td>\u7d04 18 \u79d2\uff08\u958f\u79d2\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Galileo<\/td>\n<td>Galileo System Time<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 50 \u5948\u79d2\uff08\u8207 GPS \u540c\u6b65\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BeiDou<\/td>\n<td>BeiDou Time<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 100 \u5948\u79d2\uff08\u8207 GPS \u540c\u6b65\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u5167\u90e8\u8f49\u63db<br \/>\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7d71\u9593\u6642\u9593\u504f\u5dee\uff08GGTO, BDGP\uff09<br \/>\n- \u5728\u5b9a\u4f4d\u89e3\u7b97\u4e2d\u4f30\u8a08\u6642\u9593\u5dee<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. \u5ea7\u6a19\u7cfb\u7d71\u5dee\u7570<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>\u5ea7\u6a19\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>\u8aaa\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>WGS-84<\/td>\n<td>\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u5730\u5ea7\u6a19\u7cfb\u7d71 1984<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>PZ-90<\/td>\n<td>\u8207 WGS-84 \u5dee\u7570 &lt; 40 \u516c\u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Galileo<\/td>\n<td>GTRF<\/td>\n<td>\u8207 WGS-84 \u76f8\u5bb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BeiDou<\/td>\n<td>CGCS2000<\/td>\n<td>\u8207 WGS-84 \u5dee\u7570 &lt; 1 \u516c\u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u5ea7\u6a19\u8f49\u63db\u53c3\u6578<br \/>\n- \u73fe\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7d71\u5df2\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bb9<br \/>\n- \u5be6\u52d9\u5f71\u97ff\u5f88\u5c0f<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. \u8a0a\u865f\u983b\u7387\u5dee\u7570<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u983b\u7387\u5206\u914d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>L1\/E1\/B1<\/th>\n<th>L2\/E5\/B2<\/th>\n<th>L5\/E5a\/B2a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>1575.42<\/td>\n<td>1227.60<\/td>\n<td>1176.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>1598-1606 (FDMA)<\/td>\n<td>1242-1249 (FDMA)<\/td>\n<td>-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Galileo<\/td>\n<td>1575.42<\/td>\n<td>1191.795<\/td>\n<td>1176.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BeiDou<\/td>\n<td>1575.42 (B1C)<\/td>\n<td>1207.14 (B2b)<\/td>\n<td>1176.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u8a2d\u8a08<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- GPS L1\u3001Galileo E1\u3001BeiDou B1C <strong>\u540c\u983b<\/strong>\uff081575.42 MHz\uff09<br \/>\n- GPS L5\u3001Galileo E5a\u3001BeiDou B2a <strong>\u540c\u983b<\/strong>\uff081176.45 MHz\uff09<br \/>\n- \u6709\u5229\u65bc\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u8a0a\u865f\u8655\u7406<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. \u885b\u661f\u7de8\u865f\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>PRN \u7de8\u865f\u7bc4\u570d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>PRN \u7bc4\u570d<\/th>\n<th>NMEA Talker ID<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>1-32<\/td>\n<td>GP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>1-24\uff08\u983b\u7387\u7de8\u865f -7 \u5230 +6\uff09<\/td>\n<td>GL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Galileo<\/td>\n<td>1-36<\/td>\n<td>GA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BeiDou<\/td>\n<td>1-63<\/td>\n<td>GB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>NMEA \u8f38\u51fa\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">$GPGSV,... (GPS \u885b\u661f)\n$GLGSV,... (GLONASS \u885b\u661f)\n$GAGSV,... (Galileo \u885b\u661f)\n$GBGSV,... (BeiDou \u885b\u661f)\n$GNGGA,... (\u7d44\u5408\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7d50\u679c)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5be6\u6e2c\u6548\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>\u6e2c\u8a66 1\uff1a\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5340\uff08\u90fd\u5e02\u5cfd\u8c37\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u5730\u9ede<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fe1\u7fa9\u5340\uff0c\u9ad8\u6a13\u6797\u7acb<br \/>\n<strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\u9593<\/strong>\uff1a2024 \u5e74 3 \u6708\uff0c\u6674\u5929<br \/>\n<strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a2d\u5099<\/strong>\uff1au-blox ZED-F9P<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d44\u5408<\/th>\n<th>\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f<\/th>\n<th>HDOP<\/th>\n<th>\u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee<\/th>\n<th>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>7.2<\/td>\n<td>3.2<\/td>\n<td>22 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u7d93\u5e38\u8df3\u52d5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>12.5<\/td>\n<td>1.8<\/td>\n<td>14 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u5076\u723e\u8df3\u52d5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + Galileo<\/td>\n<td>13.8<\/td>\n<td>1.6<\/td>\n<td>12 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + BeiDou<\/td>\n<td>14.2<\/td>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>11 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<td>\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>23.7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>7 \u516c\u5c3a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u975e\u5e38\u7a69\u5b9a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u6539\u5584\u5e45\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee\uff1a<strong>\u964d\u4f4e 68%<\/strong><br \/>\n- HDOP\uff1a<strong>\u964d\u4f4e 69%<\/strong><br \/>\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u8df3\u52d5\uff1a<strong>\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6d88\u9664<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  <strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u5be6\u52d9\u7d93\u9a57\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u5340\u958b\u767c\u8eca\u7528\u5c0e\u822a\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u55ae GPS \u5728\u9ad8\u6a13\u5340\u57df\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u300c\u6f02\u79fb\u300d\uff0c\u8eca\u8f1b\u660e\u660e\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u537b\u8dd1\u5230\u65c1\u908a\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u88e1\u3002\u555f\u7528\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6700\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u9ad8\u6a13\u5340\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u8eca\u9053\u5167\u3002<strong>\u591a GNSS \u5c0d\u90fd\u5e02\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6539\u5584\u6700\u70ba\u660e\u986f<\/strong>\u3002\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>\u6e2c\u8a66 2\uff1a\u5c71\u5340\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u906e\u853d\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u5730\u9ede<\/strong>\uff1a\u967d\u660e\u5c71\uff0c\u6a39\u6797\u4e2d<br \/>\n<strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\u9593<\/strong>\uff1a2024 \u5e74 3 \u6708<br \/>\n<strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a2d\u5099<\/strong>\uff1au-blox ZED-F9P<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d44\u5408<\/th>\n<th>\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f<\/th>\n<th>HDOP<\/th>\n<th>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u7387<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>4.8<\/td>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>78%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + GLONASS<\/td>\n<td>8.2<\/td>\n<td>2.2<\/td>\n<td>92%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS + Galileo<\/td>\n<td>9.1<\/td>\n<td>2.0<\/td>\n<td>95%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>15.3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>99%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u95dc\u9375\u6539\u5584<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff1a\u5f9e 78% \u63d0\u5347\u5230 99%<br \/>\n- \u5728\u906e\u853d\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u300c\u5099\u7528\u300d\u885b\u661f<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u6e2c\u8a66 3\uff1a\u7a7a\u66e0\u74b0\u5883<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u5730\u9ede<\/strong>\uff1a\u967d\u660e\u5c71\u5c71\u9802\uff0c360\u00b0 \u7121\u906e\u853d<br \/>\n<strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u6642\u9593<\/strong>\uff1a2024 \u5e74 3 \u6708<br \/>\n<strong>\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a2d\u5099<\/strong>\uff1au-blox ZED-F9P<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d44\u5408<\/th>\n<th>\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f<\/th>\n<th>HDOP<\/th>\n<th>\u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>GPS<\/td>\n<td>9.5<\/td>\n<td>0.9<\/td>\n<td>2.8 \u516c\u5c3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>28.2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.1 \u516c\u5c3a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u89c0\u5bdf<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u7a7a\u66e0\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u55ae GPS \u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u597d<br \/>\n- \u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecd\u6709\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u5e45\u5ea6\u8f03\u5c0f\uff0825-30%\uff09<br \/>\n- <strong>\u591a GNSS \u5728\u56f0\u96e3\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u66f4\u660e\u986f<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u61c9\u7528\u5834\u666f\u7684\u5efa\u8b70<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>1. \u624b\u6a5f\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u624b\u6a5f\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u5ba4\u5167\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u4f7f\u7528<br \/>\n- \u8a0a\u865f\u906e\u853d\u56b4\u91cd<br \/>\n- \u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u80fd\u986f\u8457\u6539\u5584\u9ad4\u9a57<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">Android\uff1a\u8a2d\u5b9a \u2192 \u4f4d\u7f6e \u2192 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u670d\u52d9\n- \u6539\u5584\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\uff1a\u958b\u555f\n- Google \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\uff1a\u958b\u555f\n- \u4f7f\u7528 GPS\u3001GLONASS\u3001Galileo\u3001BeiDou\n\niOS\uff1a\u8a2d\u5b9a \u2192 \u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a \u2192 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u670d\u52d9\n- \u81ea\u52d5\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7cfb\u7d71\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u6548\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u8017\u96fb\u589e\u52a0\uff1a\u7d04 5-10%<br \/>\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff1a\u63d0\u5347 40-60%<br \/>\n- <strong>\u503c\u5f97\u958b\u555f<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. \u8eca\u7528\u5c0e\u822a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u5cfd\u8c37\u3001\u96a7\u9053\u3001\u9ad8\u67b6\u6a4b\u4e0b<br \/>\n- \u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d<br \/>\n- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5be6\u6e2c\u6548\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u8eca\u9053\u7d1a\u5c0e\u822a\u6e96\u78ba\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347<br \/>\n- \u96a7\u9053\u51fa\u53e3\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6642\u9593\u7e2e\u77ed 50%<br \/>\n- \u9ad8\u67b6\u6a4b\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65b7<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. \u7121\u4eba\u6a5f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u98db\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8<br \/>\n- \u9700\u8981\u6301\u7e8c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d<br \/>\n- RTK \u6a21\u5f0f\u5c0d\u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u95dc\u9375\u6539\u5584<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- RTK \u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3\u6642\u9593\u7e2e\u77ed<br \/>\n- \u98db\u884c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u63d0\u5347<br \/>\n- \u5931\u63a7\u8fd4\u822a\u66f4\u53ef\u9760<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. \u6e2c\u91cf\u61c9\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u9700\u8981\u6700\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6<br \/>\n- \u9700\u8981\u6700\u4f4e DOP<br \/>\n- \u89c0\u6e2c\u6642\u9593\u8d8a\u77ed\u8d8a\u597d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6548\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- RTK \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6642\u9593\uff1a\u5f9e 2-5 \u5206\u9418\u7e2e\u77ed\u5230 30-60 \u79d2<br \/>\n- \u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff1a\u5f9e 85% \u63d0\u5347\u5230 98%<br \/>\n- \u89c0\u6e2c\u6548\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347<\/p>\n<h3><strong>5. \u6388\u6642\u61c9\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u66f4\u591a\u885b\u661f \u2192 \u66f4\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u57fa\u6e96<br \/>\n- \u5099\u63f4\u6a5f\u5236<br \/>\n- \u6642\u9593\u7cbe\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u61c9\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u96fb\u4fe1\u57fa\u7ad9\u540c\u6b65<br \/>\n- \u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18<br \/>\n- \u96fb\u529b\u7db2\u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n<h3><strong>6. \u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u61c9\u7528\uff08IoT\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a\u8996\u60c5\u6cc1\u9078\u64c7<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8003\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u589e\u52a0\u529f\u8017<br \/>\n- \u8655\u7406\u5668\u8ca0\u64d4\u589e\u52a0<br \/>\n- \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\n- \u555f\u7528\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71\n- \u72a7\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u96fb\u6c60\u58fd\u547d\n\n\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u512a\u5148\uff1a\n- \u53ea\u7528 GPS + \u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08\u5982 BeiDou\uff09\n- \u6216\u53ea\u5728\u5b9a\u4f4d\u56f0\u96e3\u6642\u555f\u7528\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u52e2<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>1. \u7cfb\u7d71\u6301\u7e8c\u5347\u7d1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>GPS \u73fe\u4ee3\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- GPS III \u885b\u661f\uff082018 \u5e74\u8d77\u767c\u5c04\uff09<br \/>\n- L1C \u6c11\u7528\u8a0a\u865f\uff08\u8207 Galileo\u3001BeiDou \u76f8\u5bb9\uff09<br \/>\n- \u66f4\u5f37\u7684\u8a0a\u865f\u529f\u7387<\/p>\n<p><strong>Galileo \u5b8c\u5584<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u76ee\u6a19 30 \u9846\u885b\u661f\uff08\u76ee\u524d 28 \u9846\uff09<br \/>\n- \u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u670d\u52d9\uff08HAS\uff09\uff1a\u514d\u8cbb\u7684\u5206\u7c73\u7d1a\u7cbe\u5ea6<br \/>\n- 2024 \u5e74\u8d77\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n<p><strong>BeiDou \u589e\u5f37<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- BDS-3 \u5168\u7403\u670d\u52d9\u6301\u7e8c\u512a\u5316<br \/>\n- \u77ed\u5831\u6587\u901a\u8a0a\u5347\u7d1a<br \/>\n- \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u63d0\u5347<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. \u591a\u983b\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u8da8\u52e2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u5f9e\u55ae\u983b\uff08L1\uff09\u5230\u96d9\u983b\uff08L1+L5\uff09<br \/>\n- \u5f9e\u96d9\u983b\u5230\u4e09\u983b<br \/>\n- \u96fb\u96e2\u5c64\u5ef6\u9072\u5b8c\u5168\u4fee\u6b63<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u512a\u52e2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u7cbe\u5ea6\u518d\u63d0\u5347 30-50%<br \/>\n- \u53ef\u9760\u6027\u66f4\u9ad8<br \/>\n- RTK \u6027\u80fd\u6539\u5584<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6210\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u96d9\u983b\u6676\u7247\u50f9\u683c\u5feb\u901f\u4e0b\u964d<br \/>\n- 2024 \u5e74\u5df2\u9032\u5165\u4e2d\u968e\u624b\u6a5f<br \/>\n- \u672a\u4f86\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u6a19\u914d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. \u4f4e\u8ecc\u885b\u661f\u589e\u5f37<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u65b0\u8208\u7cfb\u7d71<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- <strong>Starlink<\/strong>\uff1aSpaceX \u7684\u4f4e\u8ecc\u885b\u661f\u661f\u5ea7<br \/>\n- <strong>OneWeb<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f4e\u8ecc\u901a\u8a0a\u885b\u661f<br \/>\n- <strong>Iridium<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b STL\uff08Satellite Time and Location\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u512a\u52e2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u8ecc\u9053\u66f4\u4f4e\uff08550-1200 \u516c\u91cc\uff09<br \/>\n- \u8a0a\u865f\u66f4\u5f37\uff08\u6bd4 GNSS \u5f37 1000-10000 \u500d\uff09<br \/>\n- \u5ba4\u5167\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6311\u6230<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u885b\u661f\u79fb\u52d5\u5feb\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e64\u56f0\u96e3<br \/>\n- \u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u8a2d\u8a08<br \/>\n- \u5546\u696d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u719f<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. \u878d\u5408\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u8da8\u52e2<\/strong>\uff1aGNSS + \u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u6e2c\u5668<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">GNSS + IMU\uff08\u6163\u6027\u6e2c\u91cf\u55ae\u5143\uff09\nGNSS + \u8996\u89ba\uff08\u651d\u5f71\u6a5f\uff09\nGNSS + UWB\uff08\u8d85\u5bec\u983b\uff09\nGNSS + 5G\nGNSS + Wi-Fi\/\u85cd\u7259\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u512a\u52e2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u5ba4\u5167\u5916\u7121\u7e2b\u5b9a\u4f4d<br \/>\n- GNSS \u4e2d\u65b7\u6642\u4ecd\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d<br \/>\n- \u7cbe\u5ea6\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u96d9\u63d0\u5347<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Q1\uff1a\u591a GNSS \u6703\u589e\u52a0\u591a\u5c11\u529f\u8017\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u7b54<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u624b\u6a5f\uff1a\u7d04 5-10% \u96fb\u6c60\u6d88\u8017\u589e\u52a0<br \/>\n- \u5c08\u7528\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\uff1a\u7d04 10-20% \u529f\u8017\u589e\u52a0<br \/>\n- <strong>\u4f46\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6642\u9593\u7e2e\u77ed\uff0c\u7e3d\u9ad4\u529f\u8017\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u5e73<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08\u9ad4\u9a57\u63d0\u5347\u660e\u986f\uff09<br \/>\n- \u6975\u7aef\u7701\u96fb\uff1a\u53ea\u7528 GPS \u6216 GPS + \u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u652f\u63f4\u54ea\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u6aa2\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>Android<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">1. \u5b89\u88dd\u300cGPS Test\u300d\u6216\u300cGPSTest\u300dApp\n2. \u67e5\u770b\u885b\u661f\u5217\u8868\n3. \u770b\u5230 GP\u3001GL\u3001GA\u3001GB \u958b\u982d\u7684\u885b\u661f\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>iOS<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">iPhone 11 \u53ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff1a\u652f\u63f4 GPS\u3001GLONASS\u3001Galileo\u3001BeiDou\u3001QZSS\niPhone 8-X\uff1a\u652f\u63f4 GPS\u3001GLONASS\u3001Galileo\u3001QZSS\niPhone 7 \u53ca\u4ee5\u524d\uff1a\u652f\u63f4 GPS\u3001GLONASS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5c08\u7528\u63a5\u6536\u6a5f<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u67e5\u770b\u7522\u54c1\u898f\u683c<br \/>\n- \u5e38\u898b\u6a19\u793a\uff1a\u300cMulti-GNSS\u300d\u3001\u300cGPS\/GLONASS\/Galileo\/BeiDou\u300d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q3\uff1a\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6709\u6642\u5019\u53ea\u770b\u5230 GPS \u885b\u661f\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n1. \u8a2d\u5099\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71<br \/>\n2. \u8edf\u9ad4\u6c92\u6709\u555f\u7528\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71<br \/>\n3. \u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7d71\u885b\u661f\u88ab\u906e\u853d<br \/>\n4. \u63a5\u6536\u6a5f\u8a2d\u5b9a\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u6aa2\u67e5\u8a2d\u5099\u898f\u683c<br \/>\n- \u6aa2\u67e5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8a2d\u5b9a<br \/>\n- \u5230\u7a7a\u66e0\u8655\u6e2c\u8a66<br \/>\n- \u66f4\u65b0\u97cc\u9ad4\/\u8edf\u9ad4<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q4\uff1a\u54ea\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6700\u597d\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u7b54<\/strong>\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u6700\u597d\u300d\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u512a\u52e2<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>\u512a\u52e2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>GPS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6700\u6210\u719f\u3001\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u6700\u597d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>GLONASS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u7def\u5ea6\u5730\u5340\u8986\u84cb\u597d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Galileo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u6c11\u7528\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u3001\u8a0a\u865f\u6700\u5f37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>BeiDou<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e9e\u592a\u5730\u5340\u885b\u661f\u6700\u591a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u6700\u4f73\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u5168\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u767c\u63ee\u5404\u7cfb\u7d71\u512a\u52e2<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q5\uff1a\u591a GNSS \u5c0d RTK \u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u55ce\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u7b54<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6539\u5584<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6642\u9593\uff1a\u7e2e\u77ed 50-70%<br \/>\n- \u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff1a\u63d0\u5347 10-15%<br \/>\n- \u906e\u853d\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3<br \/>\n- \u57fa\u7dda\u8ddd\u96e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9577<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5be6\u6e2c<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"line-numbers\">\u55ae GPS RTK\uff1a\n- \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6642\u9593\uff1a2-5 \u5206\u9418\n- \u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff1a85%\n\n\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71 RTK\uff1a\n- \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6642\u9593\uff1a30-90 \u79d2\n- \u56fa\u5b9a\u89e3\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff1a98%\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516b\u3001\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<h3>\u2705 \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7528\u591a GNSS \u7cfb\u7d71\uff1f<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u591a\u885b\u661f<\/strong>\uff1a20-30 \u9846 vs 6-10 \u9846<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u597d\u5e7e\u4f55<\/strong>\uff1aHDOP \u964d\u4f4e 50-70%<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u5feb\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1aTTFF \u7e2e\u77ed 50-60%<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5099\u63f4\u6a5f\u5236<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u5ee3\u8986\u84cb<\/strong>\uff1a\u56f0\u96e3\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u4ecd\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u55ae\u4e00\u570b\u5bb6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\ud83d\udcca \u6548\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6307\u6a19<\/th>\n<th>\u55ae GPS<\/th>\n<th>\u56db\u7cfb\u7d71<\/th>\n<th>\u6539\u5584\u5e45\u5ea6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u53ef\u898b\u885b\u661f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>6-10<\/td>\n<td>20-30<\/td>\n<td><strong>3 \u500d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>HDOP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2-4<\/td>\n<td>0.8-1.5<\/td>\n<td><strong>50-70%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6c34\u5e73\u8aa4\u5dee<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>15-30m<\/td>\n<td>5-10m<\/td>\n<td><strong>50-70%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>TTFF<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>30-45s<\/td>\n<td>12-20s<\/td>\n<td><strong>50-60%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u7387<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>85%<\/td>\n<td>98%<\/td>\n<td><strong>15%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\ud83c\udfaf \u5be6\u52d9\u5efa\u8b70<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6236<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u529f\u8017\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u9ad4\u9a57\u63d0\u5347\u660e\u986f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c08\u696d\u61c9\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u5fc5\u9808\u555f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u6548\u7387\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347<br \/>\n- \u2705 \u6295\u8cc7\u56de\u5831\u7387\u9ad8<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u61c9\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u26a0\ufe0f \u8996\u9700\u6c42\u6b0a\u8861<br \/>\n- \u26a0\ufe0f \u81f3\u5c11\u7528 GPS + \u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71<br \/>\n- \u26a0\ufe0f \u52d5\u614b\u555f\u7528\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<h3>\ud83d\udca1 \u95dc\u9375\u8981\u9ede<\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>\n  <strong>\u591a GNSS \u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u9326\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u300c\u5fc5\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u300d\u3002\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u8907\u96dc\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u55ae\u7cfb\u7d71\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u670d\u52d9\u3002<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>\u8a18\u4f4f<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n- \u885b\u661f\u6578\u91cf\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u5e03\u66f4\u91cd\u8981<br \/>\n- \u591a\u7cfb\u7d71 = \u66f4\u591a\u885b\u661f + \u66f4\u597d\u5206\u5e03<br \/>\n- \u56f0\u96e3\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u6700\u660e\u986f<br \/>\n- \u672a\u4f86\u8da8\u52e2\uff1a\u591a\u983b\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71 + \u878d\u5408\u5b9a\u4f4d<br \/>\n- <strong>\u7279\u5225\u8072\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u6e2c\u8a66\u6578\u64da\u50c5\u4f9b\u53c3\u8003<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\ud83d\udcac \u8a0e\u8ad6<\/h3>\n<p>\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\u6216\u5efa\u8b70\uff1f\u6b61\u8fce\u7559\u8a00\u5206\u4eab\u5594\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6253\u958b\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8a2d\u5b9a,\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u5230\u300c\u4f7f\u7528 GPS\u3001GLONASS\u3001Galileo  &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/?p=618\">\u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587 <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[396],"tags":[606,105,103,99,68,652,642,649,609,641,605,653],"class_list":["post-618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tech","tag-beidou","tag-galileo","tag-glonass","tag-gnss","tag-gps","tag-652","tag-642","tag-649","tag-609","tag-641","tag-605","tag-653"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=618"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":621,"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618\/revisions\/621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hsiang.cc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}